Research proposal on motivation Essay

Human Resource Management (HRM) includes the process of managing employees at work to achieve organizational goals and objectives. These goals are achieved by strategic operations with the use of cultural, structural and personal techniques (Schuler and Jackson, 2007). With the change in environment and introduction of globalization, it has become important for the organizations to enhance employees’ productivity at work place. So, it will help to boost employees as well as organizational growth. Research Question In relation to this research, following will be the research question: â€Å"How HRM is influencing employees to enhance productivity at work and in what ways?† Research Objective In relation to this case, following are the objective of this research: To see the relationship between HRM and employees productivity. To explore different elements of HRM responsible to enhance employees’ productivity. To evaluate the way of influence people for more productivity at work place. To identify the role of HRM in the growth of employees as well as organization. Literature Review According to Birdi, Wall and Wood (2008) HRM is a practice that enhances employees’ knowledge, skill, attitude and behavior. This enhancement helps to increase company performance. There are many ways for that such as motivate or train employees to work harder and more flexibly, encouraging the use of initiative, reducing the cost of supervision and other direct costs. As well as providing the opportunity for individuals to develop and use new knowledge and skill at work (Birdi, Wall and Wood, 2008). So, the human resource management plays a major part to increase productivity of organization. On other hand Dysvik and Kuvaas (2008) argued about influencing employees about productivity. They said training and motivation cannot influence every employee in similar way. If employees can perceive that they are not being provided with sufficient training opportunities. It might develop higher turnover intentions (Dysvik and Kuvaas, 2008). So, from this statement it is found that perception of developmental HR practices and turnover intentions are negatively related to each other. Justification Employees are regarded to be the most valuable assets of a company. So, it is important for the organizations to have effective human resource management to enhance productivity of employees as well of the organization. Research Methodology Secondary source of data collection will be used to gather information regarding the research. Review of different literatures, books, articles, web sources will be used as secondary source of data collection (Goddard & Melville 2004). Potential Difficulty Every research has some potential difficulties that affect the creditability of the research. The potential difficulty regarding this research is the time constraints and accessibility of the information sources. Action Plan Action plan determines the activities to be taken for the accomplishment of research. Following action plan would be there with time schedule for this research: References Birdi, K., Wall, T.D. and Wood, S.J. (2008) The impact of human resource and operational management practices on company productivity: A longitudinal study. Personnel Psychology, 61, p.467-501. Dysvik, A. and Kuvaas, B. (2008) The relationship between perceived training opportunities, work motivation and employee outcomes. International Journal of Training and Development, 12 (3), p.138-157. Goddard, W. & Melville, S. (2004) Research Methodology: An Introduction. South Africa: Juta and Company Ltd. Schuler, R.S. and Jackson, S.E. (2007) Strategic human resource management 2nd ed. Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell.

Isllc Standard 2

Running Head: BENCHMARK ASSESSMENT YELLOW GROUP Understanding by Design: ISLLC Standard 2 Benchmark Assessment: Deborah D. Harris Grand Canyon University: EDA 534: Educational Administration Foundation and Framework September 12, 2012 Unwrapping the ISLLC Standards: Standard 2 Concepts and Skills T Chart What administrators â€Å"need to know† and â€Å"be able to do† Concepts (Nouns) – underline |Skills (Verbs) – highlight/circle | |â€Å"knowledge† |â€Å"admin will be able to do† | |List Concept (list specific knowledge of concept) |Record Skills |Level of Blooms | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Big Ideas/Enduring Understandings: Represent the main ideas, conclusions, or generalizations about the â€Å"unwrapped† concepts and skills in a focused instructional unit of study. Ask yourself: â€Å"What do is the big idea of the standard? What do I want my staff to remember long after they leave the room? | | | Essential Questions : What engaging questions will lead administrators to discover the â€Å"big ideas† of Standard 2? Essential questions should be written in an open-ended response and should match the rigor of the concepts and skills outlined within the standard. Essential Questions: | | | |Knowledge Indicators: What the school leader needs to know in order to promote the success of all students? | | | | | | | | | Disposition Indicators: Denotes an individual’s beliefs, values, and type of commitment that tend to be most effective in a school situation. | | | | | | | | Performance Indicators and Skills: What should an educational leader be able to do effectively to move a chose institution from the existing state of performance to the desire state of performance? | | | | | | | | References Wiggins, G. , & McTighe, J. (2005). Understanding by design (2nd ed. ). Alexandria, VA: ASCD The Council of Chief State School Officers. Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium: Sta ndards for School Leaders (1996). Atherton J S (2011) Learning and Teaching; Bloom's taxonomy [On-line: UK] retrieved 5 September 2012 from http://www. learningandteaching. info/learning/bloomtax. htm

Questions for Comparative Religions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Questions for Comparative Religions - Assignment Example The most significant of all the similarities is that they both trace their roots from Abraham. Moreover, they both believe in prophets and apostles as God’s massagers. Additionally, they both believe in scriptures as the main reference to what God/Allah needs of humanity. They also believe in the resurrection, as it will be the sure way of living the eternal life (Malik, 2004). Despite both believing in God, Muslims do not believe in heresy that God is in three as God the father, the Son, and Holly Spirit. Moreover, the Muslims Qu’ran, Islamic holy book, strongly rejects Jesus as God. However, they profoundly honor Him as Allah’s prophet. In addition, the Muslims and Christians disagree on death and resurrection of Jesus (Malik, 2004). Muslims do not believe that Jesus being a prophet of Allah could face such a horrific death, as the one Christians believe He did. Finally, these two religions disagree on how believers can escape God/Allah’s judgment. Muslims believe in falah, that is, positive achievement or self-support. On the other hand, ding to the Bible no one is compelling enough for God’s favors; thus, everyone shall be judged according to their deeds (Malik, 2004). It is recorded that Christianity became the most successful religion during this period. This followed numerous deaths that took place during this time (Malik, 2004). Smallpox and measles killed many people in North America, and Christianity took this opportunity to spread their beliefs and faith to the people. It is this time that Spanish catholic priests moves from Europe to North American and managed to convert many people to Catholicism. Betwixt the year 550 and 750, the Mediterranean world, Western Europe, and the Middle East transformed into three main realms including the orthodox Christianity Byzantine Empire, Latin Christendom, and the Islamic caliphate (Malik, 2004). The two former were united through Catholicism. Entirely, all these communities were politically

The Black and the Blues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Black and the Blues - Research Paper Example † which depicts the distinct difference between their personality and insights can be considered as the focal points of the story. Truly in the trajectory of life, people are pushed and weathered with numerous battles either economically, personally, socially, or conflicts within the family. Through these most who prefer to stay on the safe side, surrender and be submissive to what is dictated by the society as they deem that this is a more practical and rational path to take. For the other free spirits, they opt to follow their dreams no matter how surreal the idea may seem yet for them it is something worth believing and following. Baldwin’s story though written in 1957 depicted a crucial message on bitter realities within the society which strongly affected him and the black community of his time and still somewhat remained unchanged in some parts of the world today. The story focused on the narration of an algebra teacher in Harlem who struggled to earn and maintain a middle class status and keep his wife and kids on a safe part of the society; and his antonym relationship with his brother Sonny, a man who elected to navigate the road less traveled and pursued to become a jazz pianist though ended up behind bars from possession and addiction to heroin. Trimmer and Urbana (p.165) discussed that the differences between the brothers represent the division within the black community where the narrator represents the middle class men who strives to live the American dream and aspires for an improved standard of living in the United States; while the other group, as represented by Sonny, are those who just accept the fact that they will forever be locked up from the privileges the white people savor. Take note that the setting happened on a post war as the narrator cited his military service to the US government. It is an era where people, particularly the blacks, are rallying for equality and their war against racism. The narrator tried to understan d his brother and struggled to reach out to find answers to his questions though remained blindly to accept the truthful answers. The story reminds us on the importance of listening and true understanding in every form of relationship and in using these rather than coercion or rigid authority. There was a scene in the story, after their mother’s funeral, when they discussed the future of the teenage Sonny. There was tension between the brothers as Sonny declared that he wants to be a jazz musician while the older brother sees that dream to be irrational. This scene together with the one when he offers his wife Isabel’s place to be Sonny’s home manifests the narrator’s sense of responsibility to his younger brother’s welfare. Throughout the story, issues on racism and inequality were strongly reflected. During his time there was strong discrimination for the black people in the racist America. On strong reflection of Baldwin’s personal strugg le is the part of the story where the narrator recollects the death of their uncle who was driven over by a group of drunken white Americans and recklessly left the carcass on the street. Depression from racism was not confined to the character’s family but it extends to the entire black community during that time (Reilly 56). Baldwin succeeded in

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 53

Leadership - Essay Example I would also share my concerns with her supervisors. This is a good strategy as she will be now monitored closely to avoid instances of corruption in her duties. Also, it will enable the organization to retain a good brand name as any miscellaneous operations will be limited. It is apparent that by informing her supervisors they will create a forum to have a refresher course on good corporate governance. This will help the disingenuous leader to know what is expected of her in her duties (Dubrin, 2012). In conclusion, the consequences of telling the truth to her supervisors may lead to firing of the disingenuous leader. This will happen if evidence is found of her improper dealings that are not aligned to the code of ethics of the organization. Also, the organization staff will have unity in achieving the organization set goals as there will be less conflict of interest in the day to day operations. It will be possible as the top management will keen in identifying the weaknesses of various leaders in the

THE SCOPE OF AN ARBITRATION AGREEMENT IS A THIRD PARTY BOUND BY IT Dissertation - 1

THE SCOPE OF AN ARBITRATION AGREEMENT IS A THIRD PARTY BOUND BY IT - Dissertation Example heir businesses are built. Where there are contracts, however, there is must exist a system of enforcement that the parties may rely upon in the event a dispute on the interpretation of contractual obligations arises. The general Model Law on Arbitration enacted under the auspices of UNCITRAL is supposed to provide such a framework, although much is left to the national law for it to be made operative and mandatory upon the parties. There are many issues regarding the implementation of these tenets which, because of the wide scope of international public law and the conflict of laws, provides many sources of controversy. This research study provides a comprehensive scan of the major issues, and a survey of relevant cases from the jurisprudence of the different countries involved mostly in these international commercial disputes sought to be enforced by arbitration. While the study does not promise to be exhaustive from the sheer volume of material on the study, it shall seek to provi de as much background on the salient issues that surround arbitration. The method of research relied upon is qualitative legal research, which shall rely on case law as much as a survey of the relevant codal provisions in multilateral treaties and the UNCITRAL Model Law, as well as the New York Convention governing international arbitration. Chapter two: SCOPE OF ARBITRATION AGREEMENT There are many legal implications in determining the scope of an arbitration agreement. It has the nature of a special type of contract pertaining to a particular purpose, the nature of which springs from a principal contract. By case law definition, however, it is not a auxiliary contract in the sense that its validity may be determined by a separate tribunal and in a separate hearing from that of the principal contract in which the agreement may be contained. A question on the validity of the principal contract does not suspend the effectivity of the arbitration agreement. Furthermore, there are many instances when third parties non-signatories to the original contract may be included in an action based on the arbitration agreement. Arbitration clauses are often drafted in haste, and at times by persons not thoroughly familiar with the technicalities thereof. In the interest of putting into effect as far as possible the will of the parties, observers of ICC arbitration have come to distinguish certain indispensable elements without which the arbitration agreement may not be given effect. There are several essential elements of the arbitration agreement: 1 (1) The arbitration agreement must be concluded between two or more parties who are determined or determinable. In

Study On Embezzlement Behavior Among Public Administrators Research Paper

Study On Embezzlement Behavior Among Public Administrators - Research Paper Example Embezzlement behavior of government officials bears a strong relationship to the low salary payments provided to them that, in turn, fails to support their living conditions in this cost-driven economy (Myint, 2000). Further, the embezzlement behavior of these government officials is found to create potential impacts on the economy of the emerging economies thereby increasing their internal and external debt and similarly deteriorating economic and social structure (Myint, 2000, p.35, 40, and 45). The research design is primarily a structure of a research process, which can be used as a framework for the collection and interpretation of relevant data. Research design consists of what the investigator will do from determining the hypothesis to the process of investigation to collecting and analyzing data to drawing conclusions from the analysis of the data. The primary research method is a process through which an investigator collects data through primary sources. It enables the researcher to gather first -hand information from administrators or those who have experienced such behavior. Experimental design is appropriate for this study to collect data to identify the aspect of low salary that contributes to the behavior of embezzlement of funds among public administrators. This research design provides a blueprint of the process that facilitates the investigator to maintain control over the entire factors that may influence the outcome of an experiment. Embezzlement of funds a mong public administrators is financial fraud and to derive intended outcomes, the study must adopt this method. Experimental Research is frequently used where there is the priority in time in a causal relation or if there is reliability in a causal relation and the magnitude and extent of the correlation is significant. Indeed, ethical leadership in public administration and policy has the mandate to uphold objectives  and organizational culture for the need of improving performance.

Religious diveristy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religious diveristy - Research Paper Example Moreover, the author will be supporting the stand for religious diversity in the country on the basis of respect for individual rights, knowledge of good and evil and the treatment of diverse choices like commodities (Wuthnow 76). According to Wuthnow (Wuthnow & Myers), America claims to have been built on Christianity when in fact religion already existed even before Christopher Columbus discovered the land. This has caused the problem we have today because of the information instilled in the American minds that the country progressed economically, technologically as well as other aspects where the nation succeeded, because of Christianity. These days, the modern American now assumes the right to insist on his/her belief in the Christian God and disregards the other religions as exemplified by the then presidential candidate George Bush who was reported to have claimed that only Christians have a place in heaven to which his own mother did not agree with (Wuthnow & Myers). This reck less comment gained Bush a number of enemies at least when it comes to religious discussions with the Muslims, Jews, Hindus and other religions. Just this example may probably suffice to represent the tension experienced in America because of individual religious convictions. Being a political leader, the aforementioned statement of Bush has been unwittingly uttered because knowing the laws, he should have borne in mind the spirit of democracy which is freedom and in this freedom is included the respect for individual rights to religion (Balmer). It is unwise for an individual, not to mention a political leader to try to coerce somebody to conversion by scaring them about heaven or hell. People have individual rights and they have the right to choose so that proselytizing would not be a good means of sharing one’s faith but as one preacher once said, faith is not a matter to argue upon but is a gift to be shared. If an individual thinks his religion is the right one, then he should share the reasons why he has such convictions. If his reasons are acceptable enough for his prospect, then that person will have all the right to have the freedom to choose or to reject the religion even if he is fully convinced of a person’s convictions and arguments. The second argument to be discussed is the belief that people have the ability to distinguish good from evil on the basis of their common experience as human beings, regardless of race, ethnicity, nationality or religion (Wuthnow 76). This is in relation to the right to religion, leaving the person to choose the beliefs he wants to embrace, trusting that they are able to make wise choices. Salvation is a choice and should not be insisted. It can be encouraged but not forced nor become a threat to an individual, like he does not have the capacity to decide for himself. The third argument is that diverse choices are like commodities (Wuthnow 76), where when there are more choices, a person can have a choic e that would really fit his/her needs and satisfy individual expectations. For instance, where there is a wider selection of clothes there is the greater possibility that the one that best suits a customer can be found. Correspondingly, diversity in religion will allow a person to choose

Several Topics(Psychology 101) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Several Topics(Psychology 101) - Essay Example Storage of information can be systematically done by conscious process of learning either in formal or non-formal ways. Memory or information gained by the learner through this process is referred to as declarative memory. Learning through proper study or experience, and other similar approaches are included in this category. It can be semantic or episodic. Semantic declarative memories are memories of meanings, understandings, and other concept-based knowledge without the help of experience. For instance knowing that a hammer is a tool and not a pet is a semantic memory. In the other hand episodic declarative memory are knowledge of events, times, places, associated emotions, and others learning, in relation to an experience. Declarative memories are otherwise called as explicit memory Procedural memory or implicit memory in the other hand are knowledge and information gained stored and retained through past experience of events, places, times, emotions, and other learning activities that are used by the learners unconsciously in the process of doing things. Mastery in driving is developed unconsciously by previous experiences without the driver being conscious of what had been learned from the past. Survival instincts are considered as implicit or procedural memory. Procedural memories are information and memories learned through time used procedural works. In dealing with daily chores both explicit and implicit knowledge are useful in making hard tasks easy. This information intertwines with each other in our dealings with other people, solving our problems, doing our jobs, deciding what is best, and determining which is right and wrong. 2. Short and Long Term Memory The brain collects and stores information in the course of daily activities as humans are faced with varying circumstances every second and decides whether this information is useful and subject for further refining and re-storage for future use or discards it after the event ceased. These bits of data are short-term memories with the potential of becoming long-term memories. Short-term memories are commonly called primary, working, or active memory. They are stored in the brain for about 30 seconds and are used in the current process of analyzing the current stimuli or situation. These memories in small "bytes" are combined with each other to form into another information which maybe stored as another short term information or stored for longer time for future use. Once that particular event has been completed some less useful memory are lost and useful ones are retained as long-term memory. And the process goes on and on and on. Long-term memories (LTM) are data stored in the brain for 30 seconds or as long as decades. Short-term memories which are used by the brain further become LTMs. Retention of memory is accomplished through the process of rehearsal or continued use and meaningful association with established long term memories. The meaning of red traffic light can be forgotten fast if it is not associated with traffic rules. By this example a short-term memory became a long-term memory. The mechanism involved in converting short-term memories into LTM is called long-term potentiation. Just like short term memories, long-term memory is also subject to forgetting process, several retrieval processes may be needed for them to last longer. Chunks of information flood into the brain every second in our dealings with a lot of stimuli. Some of these memories do not last long and are called short-term

Art and the British Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Art and the British Empire - Essay Example Art has been defined in an amorphous way because it has always been in a state of becoming. This has been emphasized by the emergence of new form of art in the new media era with digital technology replacing the traditional art forms. In Britain, art is a combination of visual art that forms part of western history, and it is usually strong in portraiture and landscape. The prosperity of the British in the early 18th century led to the British art recapturing the place it had taken in the middle ages because of a surge in the production of decorative art and fine arts. In fact, the decorative art became an export commodity in the early 18th century. The romantic period was famous for artists such as William Blake, J. M Tuner, John Constable and Samuel Palmer displaying their remarkable talents in their artworks (Barringer, Quilley & Fordham 2007). There came the Victorian period when art was diversified and a larger quantity was produced compared to former times. At this time, there was a preference of Victorian art with interest on Pre-Raphaelites and the innovative movements that arose towards the end of 18th century. The end of the 18th century brought about intensified training of artists with the initiatives of the government and in the early 19th century, and there were museums opened to display works of art to the public. The display of religious art in the 19th century became popular and this led to the emergence of academic art. The contribution of British to the art at this time was minimal, but it gained impetus after the Second World War when artists emerged with contemporary art. They produced figurative artworks and since then, Britain is a key hub of an increasingly globalized art. This has increased the global audience for the British art, but some visual art remains low profiled and Britain has been attempting to raise the profile.

The Cultural Web Essay Example for Free

The Cultural Web Essay We have decided to use the cultural web in order to look at the organizational culture as it is now and secondly look at how we want the culture to be in the future. Thirdly we will evaluate and identify the differences between the two; these differences are the changes we need to make in order to achieve the high-performance culture that we want to obtain. The cultural web identifies six interrelated elements that paints the bigger picture of the company of analysis. The six elements are the following: 1. Stories After having conducted qualitative interviews with both customers and employees at A.G. Barr there are a few points to be made regarding the reputation and beliefs of the company. 1.1 â€Å"We like things the way they are† First of all each and every of the interviewed employees agreed that they were part of a family-styled organization, however only few customers were aware they were buying products from a family-owned company. Secondly, when the employees were asked about their desires for the future of the company, 90% of the employees stated that they are happy with the way things currently are and do not show great support towards potential changes at the firm; customers on the other hand mainly stated that companies should always invest in differentiation in such a competitive environment. 2. Rituals and Routines The rituals and routines at A.G. Barr are regular as employees are working on normal time-schedules. The only extra activity they have organized is an annual picnic with the whole firm. 3. Symbols The visual representation of the company is also not as different from most companies as they operate in a normal-sized, clean office space. People can dress up according to their status; workers in their workers’ outfit and managers in suit and tie. 4. Organizational Structure The structure at A.G. Barr is an informal and at the same time hierarchical  structure; especially the hierarchical difference between the workers and managers is massive as the managers have full authority. 5. Control Systems The organization is mainly controlled by the managing board that control all the input and output of the firm in terms of financial systems. We have made quite some changes to this control system in our recommendations as it suggests implementing a reward system to motivate the departments and create a healthy competition within the firm. 6. Power Structures The powers structure is especially hierarchical as the people who have influence on the decisions are all part of the management board. Decisions are made regardless of what the employees are saying, but the employees seem to be fine with that as the survey shows that they are happy with the way things are.

Discuss the role of John Proctor Essay Example for Free

Discuss the role of John Proctor Essay Discuss the role of John Proctor in The Crucible. Why does he choose to die at the end of the play? John Proctor is the protagonist of the play The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller. This is because Miller uses Proctor as a character to help the audience understand the characters experience. He does this by either making sympathetic expressions or the actions that Proctor makes, whether they are violent or confusing. Miller makes us feel sympathetic for Proctor when Proctors wife, Elizabeth gets taken away to court for being accused of doing the devils work. Proctor knows she is innocent but nobody will believe him. In Act I, John Proctors role is to introduce himself and show his character: Be you deaf? I forbid you leave the house did I not? (Proctor, Act I) This comment suggests he likes to be powerful and in control, in this case, by being forceful. He feels strong about hypocricy, but is even-tempered. Miller tells us that in the presence of Proctor a fool felt his foolishness instantly. He also tells us that proctor is a sinner against his own vision of decent conduct, of which he is talking about the affair with Abigail Williams. This is dramatic irony as, only three characters (including Proctor) are aware of this. When we first meet Proctor he is with Abigail, Mary and Mercy Lewis. Abigails first words are: Gah, Id almost forgotten how strong you are John Proctor! (Abigail, Act I) John Proctor quickly realises what she is implying and replies: Whats this mischief then? (Proctor, Act I) This shows he doesnt want anything to happen between him and Abigail. No, no Abby. Thats done with. (Proctor, Act I) Later on he replies with this to Abigail, and this shows he is strong-willed, recognises what is happening and the mistake. However Abigail thinks that John is just playing around with her and speaks of how he clutched her back behind his house and sweated like a stallion. I may have looked up. (Proctor, Act I) This quotation suggests that Proctor is still interested and this brings across a message that people dont change, in this case Proctor a sinner, but then the strong, powerful part of his character comes across and he threatens to whip her, to which the stage directions say shaking her. This suggests he regrets the affair and wants no more to do with Abigail. As an affair is more likely to have happened in the 20th century, the audience sympathise with him as the play is set in the late 17th century, so Proctor is a man ahead of his time. When Proctor meets Hale, he wants him to make Salem more realistic. He shows his sensible character, but could also be seen that Proctor is trying to be in charge and think he knows too much: He dont believe in witches. (Giles, Act I) I never speak of witches one-way or the other. Will you come Giles? (Proctor, Act I) Ive heard you to be a sensible man Mr Hales. I hope youll leave some of it in Salem. (Proctor, Act I) Act II shows Proctors house, and Proctor is tense, which brings tension upon the audience. He carries a gun, which suggests insecurity among Salem, and himself. He places it leaning on the wall, which is an accessible point, again showing insecurity. It makes the audience feel inferior. AS Elizabeth walks down the stairs he goes to a basin washing his hands and face. This is symbolic as he is trying to forget the affair, because he feels so guilty. This builds more tension: What keeps you so late? Its almost dark. (Elizabeth, Act II) This comment of Elizabeths shows she is anxious and suspicious of his whereabouts. He replies that he was planting far out the forest edge. Then goes on to say: Pray now for a fair summer. (Proctor, Act II) He is trying to please his wife, still feeling guilt. He says with a grin: I mean to please you, Elizabeth. (Proctor, Act II) Elizabeth replies, although hard to say, which suggests denial or disbelief: I know it, John. (Elizabeth, Act II) Proctor and Elizabeth fear each other, and this illustrates the feature of the play-fear. Their short sentences and being silent suggests this, and also brings tension upon their marriage, and the audience. Act II is mostly to do with John Proctor, the visiting of Hale to which he is questioned about his religious efforts, his arguments with his wife, his suspicions of the witchcraft in Salem and Abigail, and the arrest of his wife. He grabs the search warrant off Cheever: Proctor, you dare not touch the warrant. (Cheever, Act II) Ripping the warrant. (Stage directions, Act II) This is Proctors angry side. He knows what Abigail is up to, yet no one will believe him. They go on what Abigail says. As he rips up the warrant, he puts a reputation to his name at the courts of the Witch trials. Act III shows Danforth, a deputy governor, talking to Proctor about witchcraft. He is questioning about the pretence that Mary Warren has confessed. He wants a second view from John Proctor: We burn a hot fire her; it melts down all concealment. (Danforth, Act III) This relates to the title of the play The Crucible. It is a metaphor of a crucible, which points out the message of the play. As a crucible is a container in which metals are heated to extract the pure elements. In the play, witches are to be purified and to come back to God. When Mary is in court, Proctor is determined to get the judges to see what is really happening. He goes into the courts and confesses his sin of adultery with Abigail to try and make the judges see how much of a whore she really is. He risks his well-preserved name to save his wife from being hanged. The judges have no proof: In her life, sir, she have never lied. (Proctor, Act III) Here he talks of Elizabeth, and he thinks she will tell the courts the truth of the affair, but instead she thinks the courts dont know. She worries that she is risking her husbands well-dignified name, and lies: Answer the question! Is your husband a lecher! (Danforth, Act III) No, sir. (Elizabeth, Act III) Proctor gets taken into jail for perverting the course of justice: Marshal! Take him and Corey with him to the jail! (Danforth, Act III) Hale realises what is happening and quits the courts. Act IV is tragic, bringing the death of the hero of the play. Danforth is doing almost anything he can to get a confession from Proctor. For example he gets Elizabeth, his wife that he tries so hard to please, to go and talk to him. They understand what Proctor meant by all the lies. Abigail ran off the Barbados. When Proctor sees Elizabeth again, it creates a tragic atmosphere. To them it seems almost unreal, like they didnt think they would see each other again. The short, quick sentences that they exchange give us a sense of tension: You are a marvel, Elizabeth. (Proctor, Act IV) You have been tortured? (Elizabeth, Act IV) As she asks Proctor this it proves that she wants to forgive him, and that she wants to love him again. He decides to confess about witchery, for Elizabeths sake. Once the confession has been written down he grabs it, saying: You have all witnessed it it is enough. (Proctor, Act IV) He refuses to sign his confession. He doesnt want to blacken his name anymore: God knows how black my sins are! It is enough! (Proctor, Act IV) If he doesnt give it back, or sign the confession, he will be hanged, he will be killed. Instead he rips it like, just like he did the warrant/ He decides to die. The atmosphere turns tragic and goes still. The audiences reaction is also tragic, but also understandable after all, that was the role of John Proctor. He chooses to die because he would blacken his name, and his childrens name Proctor. He realises he has ruined his reputation from the affair, and that the courts in Salem were finished. He couldnt lie anymore. He chose his own death rather than betrayal of his conscience. This shows us that he too has come through the fire to be purified, just like the pure elements extracted from the metals in a crucible.

Advantages disadvantages and impacts of Globalization

Advantages disadvantages and impacts of Globalization Introduction Globalization is a process in which limited societies, economies, and cultures have connected through a global system of trade. The term is sometimes used to refer particularly to economic globalization: the incorporation of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, and increase of technology. Globalization is generally known as determined by a combination of economic, technological, socio-cultural, and political factors this term can also refers to the worldwide distribution of ideas, languages, or trendy culture. Competition increases between countries. (Alassane D. Ouattara, 1997) http://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/1997/052197.htm Globalization is the result of a number of interconnected developments including: The growth and relative implication of foreign direct investment. The internationalization of economic markets. The rapidly and continuing development of communication and transport technology Liberalization and Deregulation   Public sector services converted into privatization (www.tssa.org.uk) http://www.tssa.org.uk/article-38.php3?id_article=2190 Economic globalization is characterized by increasing in trade and investment, liberalization, privatization of public services and deregulation of many government institutions. Economic globalization is also linked with increasing inequality in wealth and influence between nations and within nations as well as between public and private sectors. Economic globalization has been taking place for the last several years it has begun to happen at an increased rate over the last 20-30 years. This recent boom has been largely accounted by developed economies linked with less developed economies, by resources of foreign direct investment, the reduction of trade obstacles, and the modernization of these developing cultures. Environmental globalization recognizes that an environmental incident or impact that happens in one country is not restricted to that area but has the potential to affect the entire worlds well being. Thus, communicative globalization refers to the rapid growth of communi cation technologies such as internet, telephone, satellite and so on, Ability to link people, information and ideas around the world which impact on culture, both positively and negatively. (www.scribd.com) (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() Privatization is a requirement for globalization and goes side by side with it. Nowadays the phrase of globalization has gained importance in all over of the world. Globalization may have positive or negative impact on developing countries. However, the developing nations can survive by alteration in the development of globalization by public policy readjustment for privatization, deregulation and liberalization. The wave of financial globalization as the mid-1980s has been marked by increase in capital flows among industrial countries, particularly between industrial and developing countries. Where these capital flows have been linked with the high growth rates in some developing countries. A number of countries have experienced interrupted collapse in growth rates and major financial crises over the same period, that disaster have exacted a serious toll in terms of macroeconomic and social costs. Trade could affect these inequalities only through its effect on economic growth in individual countries. A central issue, so concerns the possible effect of trade on economic growth. ( khair Uz Zaman,; , qaiser Aman;, 2007) Key Institutions of Globalization The economic globalization lies with certain influential financial institutions that are entirely in the hands of western countries. They include: International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Bank (WB) World Trade Organization (WTO) These institutions are also known as the Bretton Woods institutions and mainly influence on the economic and political policy formulation in developing countries. (Rahman MD Faizur, 2005) History Globalization: The start of globalization goes back to the second half of the 19th century. When nationality as the basis for state formation was already widespread. The World Bank classifies the development of globalization since then as follows: The 1st wave of globalization: 1870 -1914 The retreat into nationalism: 1914 -1945 The 2nd wave of globalization: 1945 1980 The new and 3rd wave of globalization: 1980 The first wave of globalization was started in 1870 and constant until the beginning of the First World War in 1914. This period of globalization made easy for the delivery of imported goods as well as the exported goods. The development of telegraph helped to begin contact over long distance. The period of 1914 to 1945 was tagged a retreat of independence and extensively improved in the technical condition of the transport and communication. The great depression of the late 1920s and early 1930s direct to protectionism, which additionally restricted the international division of labors. The second wave of globalization (1945-1980) followed the patriotic period. As a response to the war, there was much effort to enhance international hold. This was reflected in the establishment of the United Nations in 1945 and the Bretton woods institutions in 1946. In 1980, trade of manufactures was to large extent freed of barriers. In the case of agricultural products, trade was restricted between developing countries; imports of products of developing countries were liberalized if they did not compete with those of the developed countries. The third wave of globalization started around 1980 and this phase continues today. According to the World Bank, this period has four characteristics that separate it from the previous period. Large numbers of developing countries bankrupt into the global markets Developing countries became increasingly marginalized and suffered from declining incomes and increasingly poverty Worldwide capital movements and immigration became substantial. Increasing destruction of production. (Kotilainen, Markku; Kaitila, Ville;, 2002) Globalization, as World War II, is basically the result of planning by politicians to break down the borders obstacles in trade to increase the prosperity and interdependence, as a result to reduce the chances of future war between the countries. Since World War II, barriers to international trade have been significantly decreased through international agreements GATT. Particularly initiative carried out as a result of GATT and WTO, for which GATT is the foundation, has included: Promotion of free trade: Eliminating of tariffs; creation of free trade sector with small or no tariffs. Reduced transportation cost, especially resulting from development of containerization for ocean shipping. Reduction , elimination or coordination of financial support for local businesses Creation of financial support for worldwide corporations. Coordination of intellectual poverty laws across the majority of states, with more restrictions. Super national identification of intellectual poverty limitations. (www.scribd.com) http://www.scribd.com/doc/20581903/Globalization-and-pakistani-economy The phrase Globalization has been used broadly by media and educational in recent years. This describes the process of generate networks of connections through a selection of flows of information, people, capital goods and technology. In economics, globalization connect in various phase of cross-border dealings, free international capital flows, foreign direct investment, portfolio investment, and rapid and widespread distribution of technology. Globalization enhances the economic prosperity and leads to more efficient allocation of resources, which, in turn will result in higher output, more employment, lower prices and higher standard of living. However, some critics worry about the resulting outsourcing and off shoring, which have destroyed the American manufacturing sector. (www.scribd.com) (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() Advantages of Globalization Goods and people are transferred with more easiness from one country to another. Due to globalization war between developed countries has reduced. Free trading increases the interdependence of the nation-state. People connected in the world due to global mass media. Communication between individuals and corporations in the world increases. Environmental security in developed countries increases. Encouragement of more researches and development of new machines and equipment for domestic use. People connected in the globe due to worldwide mass media. Strong competition thus encourages higher quality products Global mass media connects all the people in the world Increase in economic growth of the country. Reduction of cultural barriers increases the global village effect (www.buzzle.com) www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-of-globalization.html DISADVANTAGES OF GLOBALIZATION Increased in flow of skilled and non-skilled jobs from developed to developing nations as corporations try to find out the cheapest labor Corporate influence of nation-states far exceeds that of civil society organizations and average individuals Increased chance of economic disruptions in one country affecting all countries. Threat that control of world media by a handful of corporations will limit cultural appearance. Greater chance of reactions for globalization being aggressive in an attempt to defend cultural traditions. Greater risk of diseases being transported unintentionally between nations Spread of a materialistic lifestyle and attitude that sees consumption as the path to prosperity International bodies like the World Trade Organization violate the national and individual independence. Increase in the chances of universal war within developing countries and open war between developing countries as they struggle for resources Decreases in environmental reliability as polluting corporations take advantage of weak regulatory rules in developing countries. (www.darkseptemberrain.com) Impacts of Globalization According to economists, there are a lot of global events connected with globalization and incorporation. It is easy to classify the changes brought by the globalization. Improvement of International Trade. Globalization increases the international trade between many countries and makes the sale or purchase easy. Technological Progress. Governments have upgraded their level of technology to compete and be competitive globally. Increasing Influence of Multinational Companies. An important trend in the globalization is the increasing influence and broadening scope of the multinational companies. A company that has subsidiaries in various countries is called a multinational. Power of the WTO, IMF, and WB. Another effect of globalization is the strengthening power and influence of international institutions such as the World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, and World Bank. Greater Mobility of Human Resources across Countries.   Globalization allows countries to provide their manpower in countries with cheap labor. For instance, the manpower shortages in Taiwan, South Korea, and Malaysia provide opportunities for labor exporting countries such as the Philippines to bring their human resources to those countries for employment. Greater Outsourcing of Business Processes to Other Countries. Different countries are tremendously benefiting from this trend of global business outsourcing. Global companies in the US take advantage of the cheaper labor and highly skilled workers that countries can suggest. Civil Society.   Broadening scope of the global civil society is an important trend in globalization. Many institutions are established in the country and run by citizens which civil society often refers to NGOs. Global civil society refers to NGOs that advocate certain issue or cause. There are many NGOs that promote good environment to womens and support their rights. Government and NGOs have the same goal of serving the people but these NGOs are working to establish polices that are beneficial to all. (www.hubpages.com) http://hubpages.com/hub/Definition-of-Globalization Effects of globalization More goods and services are available Expansion of new markets Income generation and increased in economic growth Development in the volume and range of cross border transactions in goods and services. Increase in the use of new technology in small-scale manufacturing to increase the level of production. The global common market has a freedom to trade of goods and capital The emergence of a new market where the products were market at an international level for all type of consumers. Widely access to a large variety of goods for consumers and companies. Free movement of people of different nations leads to community benefits. Global environmental and other trade problems are solved by discussions. development of containerization of ocean shipping reduce the transportation cost Reduction in trade barrier Increases in international travel and tourism Increase in the ambition to use overseas ideas and products, accept new practices and technologies and become a part of world culture. Subsidies for local businesses decrease Local consumer products are exported to other countries Capital controls reduce or conquer Enhancement in worldwide modern traditions/cultures. (www.buzzle.com) http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-of-globalization.html DEVELOPING COUNTRY Developing countries are those which have a lower per capita income, unemployment, lack of goods and services. People have a lower standard of living, high infant mortality rate. Characteristics of Developing Economy: The common characteristics of developing countries: Lower living standards Insufficient housing Low education standard Increase in death rate Limited life and work expectancy High and rising levels of unemployment and under employment. Lack of technology Low standard of education (www.shvoong.com) http://www.shvoong.com/social-sciences/1758902-characteristics-developing-countries/ Advantages of globalization in the developing world: Globalization increases the economic prosperity and opportunity in the developing world. The countrywide freedom is enhanced and increases the resources of the developing countries and there is a more efficient use of resources. All the countries involved in the free trade are at a profit. As a result, there are lower prices, more employment and a better standard of life in these developing nations. It is feared that some developing areas progress at the costs of other developed areas. However, such worries are unsuccessful as globalization is a positive-sum chance in which the skills and technologies enable to increase the living standards throughout the world. Liberals look at globalization as an efficient tool to eliminate poverty and allow the poor people to hold a strong grip in the global economy. The Impact of Globalization on the Pakistan Economy Globalization is not new. Pakistan has been involved in trade, investment, financial flows, technology transfers and the movement of labor since its foundation. There are a number of factors that have aided this transformation. The expansion of new markets: Foreign exchange and capital markets are linked internationally. They control 24 hours a day with contact any where in the world possible in all time. Financial deregulation increases the impact of globalization on the economy. New technology and the tools of globalization: The internet, email, mobile phones, media and communication networks have all sped up the process of globalization. They have increased the broaden of communication and and speed knowledge transfer. New institutional players : The World Trade Organization (WTO) has emergent right over national governments, as does the IMF with its restrictions and controls it can force on nations requiring support. Multinational corporations have more economic power than many other nations. Include funds and financial dealers are able to control financial flows and consequently exchange rates, leaving nations helpless in their wake. New rules and restrictions: Mutual agreements on trade, services and intellectual property rights, supported by strong enforcement instrument, decrease the possibility for national governments to extend their own economic policies. Pakistan Economy Pakistan is a South Asian country that was established in 1947.   Pakistan is a developing country; its total population is approximately 180 million. Its neighboring regions include India, Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and China. Its GDP is $164 billion and contributing in agriculture, industry and services respectively 19.6%, 26.82% and 53.7%. Per capita income and HDI is approximately $1022 and 0.52. Population of Pakistan is in the 6th number and has biggest and strongest army in the world. Pakistan economy is based on agriculture sector. In last two decades Pakistan service industry has grown up rapidly. More than 50% population of Pakistan is linked with the rural sector. So thats why mostly area is neglected and misused. Total acquired area of Pakistan is 803,940 km2, but mostly area is neglected and underdeveloped. External debts are around $50.1 billion. Pakistan has an outstanding potential for growth and its current growth rate is 2%. Pakistan has marvels treasures of n atural resources, fruitful lands, some of largest natural resources mines, highest mountain ranges, 1050 mile coastline, vast deserts and the best productive lands. Pakistan is one of the most blessed countries on the earth. But Pakistan political and economic conditions are not good. (www.ezinearticles.com) http://ezinearticles.com/?Pakistans-Economy id=3489752 Pakistan economic development last few years there has been a con rate of Pakistan economic development that has marked itself in its remarkable gross domestic product statistics. In financial year 2007 there was an increase of 52 percent in amount fixed in Pakistani budget for the development of national economy. This has been an important step in development of Pakistan economy is concerned as this move has required to address underdevelopment of national economy that has broaden at all levels especially in social sector. Economic development of Pakistan has always been among its major assets as far as attain identification from global financial circles is concerned. In decade of 60s Pakistans economy had progressed at a straight rate and it was view as being excellent. Economic policies adopted by national government have helped economic development in Pakistan to a significant extent. In 1990s 2 % of gross domestic product of Pakistan had been assigned for economic progress and its double in 2003. In 1999 PKR 80 billion had been set away for economic development of Pakistan and by 2007 this amount had gone up to PKR 520 billion. In fiscal year 2008 this amount was PKR 549.7 billion. Poverty in rural areas has been an important area of Pakistani economics. From 2005 to 2008 $16.7 trillion has been spent in order to deal with different issues related to poverty. This money has played a very important role in overall economic development in Pakistan. Poverty has been reduced to 24 % by 2006 from 35 % at 2000-01. As per Human Development Index of 2007 Pakistan has been accorded status of a Medium Development Country. Infrastructural development is an important area of Pakistan economic development. However, it has not been paid much attention by Pakistan national government. More years a number of international financial organizations have played a most important role in development of Pakistans economy such as International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank and World Bank. From 2006 to 2009 Asian Development Bank would be providing almost $6 billion for Pakistan economic development. World Bank is supposed to provide a loan for infrastructural development worth $6.5 billion in the same period. Pakistan would also collect a yearly financial help from Japan worth $500 million. (www.economywatch.com) http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/pakistan/ VARIABLES: GDP is the sum of market value of all final goods and services produced in a country within a given year, equivalent to total consumer, investment and government spending, plus the value of export, minus the value of imports. GDP includes only goods and services produced within the geographical boundaries of the U.S, in spite of the producers nationality. (investorwords.com) FDI Direct investments in productive assets by a company incorporated in a foreign country, as opposed to investments in shares of local companies by foreign entities. An important feature of an increasingly globalized economic system. (www.investorwords.com) BOT A countrys exports minus its imports; it is the largest component of a countrys balance of payments. http://www.investorwords.com/396/balance_of_trade.html

Realism Term Paper -- Political Science

Realism by definition is an approach to global politics derived from the tradition of power politics and belief that behavior is determined by the search for and distribution of power. [5] By using the concept of power it is easy to discuss basics of realism. Realist theories are based of beliefs that states are motivated by aggressive or defensive urges, the national interest is survival and states are unitary actors each moving towards their own national interest.[4] The first key feature of realism is statism. Statism is an idea that the state is an accurate representative of the will of its people.[4] The state is sovereign and therefore is able to govern itself as it wants. With this sovereignty that state is able to institute security. After a state has established security it is then able to continue with a communal culture. In international relationships however sovereignty does not supply security therefore a state must vie with its neighboring states to accomplish it. This can lead to a power struggle to ensure that state’s people can live in security.[5] A second key point of realism is survival. Survival to realists is rather simple; the state with the most power stands a better likelihood of survival. Naturally it is believed that survival is the definitive objective of realism. To guarantee survival a state may stray from their set of ethics because it cannot worry about moral issues. If state were to hold onto its set of beliefs, it may suffer at the expense of a more powerful state. In realism cases there are two conflicting segments, defensive and offensive realists.[5] A state with a defensive realist perspective believes they must obtain enough power to ensure security, but not so much power that their security... ... event. Works Cited 1. http://www.orsam.org.tr/tr/trUploads/Yazilar/Dosyalar/201229_ortadoguetutler_volume3_no2.pdf#page=11). Ozlem TUR. January 2012. ORSAM. 13 Apr. 2012 2. (http://www.laidi.com/sitedp/sites/default/files/The%20Arab%20Counterrevolution_0.pdf). Hussein Agha and Robert Malley. September 29 2011. The New York Review of Books. 13 Apr. 2012 3. (http://www.pomeps.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/POMEPS_BriefBooklet4_Syria-TEXT_WEB-1.pdf) Mona Yacoubian and Radwan Ziadeh. 4 May 2011 Project on Middle East Political Science. 13 Apr. 2012 4. Tim Dunne and Brian C. Schmidt, â€Å"Realism,† in John Baylis and Steve Smith, The Globalization of Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, 3rd ed. (Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 162-183. 5. Mansbach, Richard and Kirsten Taylor, Introduction to Global Politics. New York: Routledge. 2008 Print

The Rape of Women in Draupadi, by Mahasweta Devi, and Open It,”by Saad

The Rape of Women in â€Å"Draupadi,† by Mahasweta Devi, and â€Å"Open It,† by Saadat Hasan Manto Where there is war, there is the rape and abuse of women. From the Trojan War to the Middle East conflict, rape has been a tactic of war. Rape is commonly viewed by society as a symbol of female degradation, female submission, and the stripping of honor and humanity. In the stories â€Å"Draupadi,† by Mahasweta Devi, and â€Å"Open It,† by Saadat Hasan Manto, the rape of women is a common theme. In Manto’s â€Å"Open It,† a young girl, Sakina, is raped by young men of her community, while in Devi’s â€Å"Draupadi,† a tribal rebel is raped by authorities of the state. While the storylines of these pieces are rather similar, the portrayal of the rape and the reactions of the young women are exceedingly different. Both authors use the disrobing of garments to create a dramatic climax. However, the respective climaxes convey contrasting ideas about the rape and degradation of women. In â€Å"Draupadi,† the unveiling of garments reveals im mense female power. In â€Å"Open It,† the disrobing of garments reveals helpless female submission. Despite these differences, however, both acts of disrobing result in a striking male reaction and symbolize the remarkable survival of these battered and abused women. The circumstances of the rape and the personalities of the rape victims are very different in â€Å"Open It† and â€Å"Draupadi.† In Manto’s story, a father is desperately looking for his daughter, Sakina, in the midst of the chaos and disorder of Partition. He asks self appointed social workers of the community to help him find Sakina. When Sakina is approached by these men, her initial reaction is one of fright: â€Å"The moment she heard the truck, she began to run† (Manto 360). ... ...r remarkable survival. Although society will always have preconceptions of rape and how a woman should and will react to being raped, it is apparent through â€Å"Draupadi† and â€Å"Open It† that being raped is a very personal experience. It is an experience unique to women that can yield very different reactions. Rape can make a woman, like it did Dopdi, or it can break a woman like it did Sakina. Because being raped is such a personal experience, a woman’s reaction to such a trauma should not and can not be judged. Whether a woman is strengthened or weakened through rape, it does not matter. What matters is that she survives. Works Cited Devi, Mahasweta. â€Å"Draupadi.† In Other Worlds. Ed. Chakravorty Spriak. New York and London: Routledge, 1987. Manto Hasan, Saadat. â€Å"Open It.† Stories about the Partition of India. Ed. Alok Bhalla. New Delhi: Harper Collins, 1999.

The Nine Guardians Essay -- Literary Analysis, The Church, Indigenous

The story of the Nine Guardians takes place during the presidency of Lazaro Cardenas between 1934 and 1940. Lazaro Cardenas instituted the agrarian reform to break up the large ranches owned by the elite class and end the state of peonage in which the Indians on the ranch lived. President Cardenas government opposed the Catholic Church as it was believed to be the vehicle of superstition as well as the ally of the old regime. (Mason 1962, p80) The Churches were closed and many priest lost their lives for saying Mass. (Nicholson 1992 p 9) Women were allowed to clean the relics once per month (p 43)Catholic conservative rebel groups Cristeros were operating in many parts of the State to defend the interest of the Church, which generally coincided with those of the landlords. The Cristeros bands were mainly composed of resident Hacienda workers who were stirred to rebellion by their and maintained in arms by their landlords. Economically dependant on the Hacienda system, the priest we re not only the intellectual instigator of the revolt, but frequently were its military leaders. They taught that land distribution was contrary to the will of God and that the peon owed his landlord implicit obedience. (Huizer, year, p125) â€Å"To wear oneself out fighting against this iniquitous and senseless persecution†, p 234. Since the Church was under persecution from President Cardenas government Mass had to be said in secret. Amalia risks imprisonment by allowing her home to be used as a religious meeting place. The story depicts the injustices experienced by both women of the land owning class and the indigenous people. Lazaro Cardenas instituted agrarian reforms that would benefit the Indian population. The large ranches of land owning el... ... god. Religious meeting were held in secrecy in the homes of members of the church, mainly female members of the church. Amalia risked her freedom by holding a meeting in her home. (p232) Both the Ladinos and the Indians believed that they were being punished by their gods for the sufferings they experienced. The Mayans believed that they were being punished by their gods for the suffering their people were experiencing at the hands of the Europeans. â€Å"They came, who were destined to come; haughty and hard of manner and strong of voice, such were the instruments of our chiding†. (Castellanos, year, p 56) The religious rites and customs practised by the indigenous people were constructed by Europeans as â€Å"lies and deceptions which the devil had invented† (Tignor et al 2002, p97) They were to worship only the Christian God instead of bowing to their many idols.

Miller dramatise political Essay

The Crucible is written by Arthur Miller, a man who has concerns for the McCarthy government in the 1950s. Miller is wise and sees the problems for this kind of rule over America. Miller was undoubtedly against this, but at the time of the rule of McCarthyism he would have indeed â€Å"disappeared† he had to â€Å"support various causes† to keep himself alive. He expresses his view insidiously through The Crucible, morally he disputes that whether we are in the 1950s or 1600s, human nature never changes. Miller’s political mission is to alter the zealous minds of the majority of America; when Miller corresponds in to the 1600s he mentions the belief that â€Å"the spirit could leave the body, palpably and visibly†. Through various characters Miller shares his burden of the problem: By using characters as vehicles to get his views across. A Reverends role in the 1600s was an important this position was very authoritative and a direct link to God however, power is abused as he proves with his characters. Reverend Hale as a character in â€Å"The Crucible† is directly portrayed as a † tight-skinned eager eyes intellectual† suggesting that Hale is a suspicious, clever and quick witted individual. Hale believes he is on a â€Å"beloved errand† in doing God’s work and finding witches : His ignorance however can be pitied he is fed with praise, admiration and total respect from the lethargic minds of the public. He shares the same status with Reverend Parris, but is not as corrupt. Hale is proven to be very encapsulated by â€Å"pondering the invisible world† he reveals his faith strongly and that he is constantly open minded with what happens in the present world and how the supernatural could overlap it hence his job. If Hale thinks of himself with â€Å"the best minds of Europe-kings, philosophers, scientists and ecclesiasts of all churches† this spontaneously proves he is proud and authoritative which is very high esteem. The Crucible has Hale as a character of strict beliefs, if his books have † the Devil stripped of his brute disguises† and are â€Å"weighted with authority†. Obviously, when ever any character turn to the â€Å"devil† in this play we see it as superstition but to Hale, â€Å"The Devil is precise; the marks of his presence are definite as stone† elucidating that he is a zealous man. He is strong in faith but to think everything you say is true is quite dangerous this means your mind will not accept new ideas or different views: This is Millers reference to some the McCarthy government. When interrogating Tituba, constantly he gives leading questions: These forces an individual to say the same phrase in their answer, such as â€Å"When did you compact with the Devil?† this establishes a biased and manipulative answer. He is a good judge of character because he says Rebecca Nurse â€Å"looks as such a good soul should†, without delay we know he is a judicious person and quite fair and a pleasant character especially when he takes Tituba’s hand. Tituba is shocked for no white man had ever shown her kindness let alone touched her in a kind way. At this moment in time, Hale engages us with kindness and quite good assets to give us a compassionate view of him. Miller has devised this kind of character because he tries to explain to the government people like these only expands the problem. Miller probably refers to spies of the government who were responsible for the â€Å"disappearing† of the public. Through the story Hales character changes and we see some goodness for he is able to admit to his mistakes and try to correct them.  Reverend Hale and Parris share the same status in the public. Parris is clearly power hungry and somehow wants to have a life as a Reverend/ Landowner we learn more about his selfish desires later on in the play. Reverend Parris shows certain control of his household when he orders Tituba â€Å"Out of Here!† which displays the convincing power of this particular troubled individual. There seems to be concern for his daughters condition, for she has been able to wake, but as any good father should, he cares and sends for the doctor.  Parris in some sense is quite a wise man; he knows what trouble â€Å"witchcraft† brings to a community and clearly does not believe the message by Susanna who recites from the doctor â€Å"You should look to unnatural causes†; he clearly denies any legations of superstition.

Health and Culture

Use the quadruplet portions from Willis (2004, as cited in Germov, 2009, p. 6) sociological whim scout to prep ar a croupetha desktop data to analyse the mind. Historical ingredients Cultural per mannequiners morphological factors Critical factors Be sure to specific eachy identify and calculate issues for each factor in your analysis. (approx. 400 course economic consumption unmatched pedantic source your textbook, endorse Opinion). It is comm plainly debated whether conventional wellness holds should be pushd by the ground wellness geological unioniseation. Wills Sociological Imagination template helps smooth on this topic.This template created by Willis (2004, as cited in Germov, 2005, p. 21) provides an opportunity for me to gain a better fight downground analysis and sweetened view of the orbit custom health practices that argon in place. The quaternity factors mingled in this template include historical, pagan, morphologic and critic al. This template lead help me interrogation my views and assumptions to gain a greater acumen to the answering this oral sex. Willis describes the four factors of the sociological belief as interrelated. Willis spend of the historical factors enables me to assort how past historical influencing are pitching the instantlyadays problems.I would ague that conventional health practices has mould a strong niche indoors the provisions of health parcel erupt. However, I endt dis harbor that customs treats go off be historicall(a)y seen as the oldest miscellany of health criminal maintenance. It makes me learn that it is, no wonderment it has frame such an embedded take leave of todays pagan tradition especially in the poorer countries. Willis to a fault chin waggings that ethnic kneads also effect the give birth. From what I beneathstand tralatitious medicate is the acquaintance and practice that is establish on theories and belief that are implement thr oughout pagan history.I would say reconcilement pagan factors and beliefs associated with tralatitious medicine practices is master(prenominal) this is because I weigh it im trigger give me in force(p) grounding on the belief systems that influence this type of healthcare. Structural factors is something that I would describe as distinguishing one society from a nonher. However, I conceive this tin not be confused with culture, language, or ethnicity, besides quite a the mixer coordinate of the society as a whole. Willis describes this in truth similar to my idea, in saying that it is how a social groups anatomical grammatical construction and shape their lives.My views in this, is that ein truth ethnic culture has its receive relativeship to the environs, gum olibanum cultural values make believe become an integrated part of social structure. I know that from reflecting on my induce spirit that medical examination cognition has changed and prepareed all o ver time and that theoretical knowledge of medicine, has interpreted over from the once experimental knowledge. However, I would ague that poorer countries structure are not westernised like my induce and therefore traditionalistic medicine practices suffer be the to a greater extentover way that some social groups hindquarters survive.Willis also allows a critical factor lift holding, that is viewpointd on what can be improved on the present circum billets. This critical approach thinking to traditional medicine helps me to understand a stance that prompts possible better social positioning. This factor allows me to have a more in-depth knowledge on the governmental struggles operating in spite of appearance health care and what can be done to improve it. 515 lecture go throughing 3 Next, identify and cite one of the demandings, articles or videos from the eModule and describe how it has helped you to gain a deeper understanding of this topic.Remember to relate the cu lture from this resource back to the factors from the sociological imagination template. (approx. 400 words use two academic sources one from your textbook + one from the eModule) Having discussed factors that define and ground traditional health practices in relation to the sociological imagination template, my attention will now turn to discuss two statements do in the terce eModule that helps me gain a deeper understanding of this topic. Mcmurray (2007, p. 7) suggests, ealth and illness is socially constructed with the concept that health is a produce of the single(a)s and their interaction with the environment. Mcmurray (2007, p. 310) again backs up this nurture and refers that health or illness are expressed and defined in divers(prenominal) ways in different cultural groups based on the ways the token group relates with the environment. When I first read this statement, it substantiate my ideologies in regards to the different societies and the influences that struct ure a cultures way of life.My find outing towards this patently enforces the fact that mickle are truly much a product of their own environment. In recognising that poorer societies are raised on the ideologies of history and cultural influences it is fair for me to agree with Mcmurray statement. When I relate poorer countries medical practices to my own life is can not be argued the perception would vary greatly. Being brought up in Australia surround by westernised practices, has made me very accustomed to the fact that medical advice is approachible anywhere.This in skeletonation has not only become part of normal social structure but is constantly changing as medicine advances. Critical factors everlastingly allow for westinised medicine to improve on what it is currently. For me to compare Australian medical practices to a poor countries, it would be obvious that medical information would be a the great unwashed different due to the resources available. Mcmurray stateme nt has minded(p) me a more in-depth insight into how cultural groups view illness and the practices in place, based on the long generational history.However, it is now decorous apparent to me, that for many of these third globe countries, historical practices can sometimes be the only information that people are receiving in regards to healthcare. I can now see that health is and so very different in cultural group, as they perceive illness separate than due to their surrounding environment. Third demesne countries really only have cultural traditions to base there medical practices on. not only this but Mcmurray also mentioned that the environment around them is the only source of accessibility.It makes me question the prevelegeses that I have coming from a structural westernised society. In Australia social structure allows people to have healthcare rise to power but I have neer thought past this, that the society structures in poor countries dont have those same privileg es. It seems traditional medical practices is the base to the health care system in a group of the third world countries. I admit myself, is this issue due to poorer country permit health structures and standards slip or is it an easier approach put in place by third world countries to help coiffe health care because of economical poverty. 15words ill-use 4 Now, building upon your understanding from sources you determine in the previous steps, answer the authentic question you identified in touchstone 1, using at least four academic sources (e. g. journal articles, research reports) to keep your answer. Locate these academic sources through your own information search. (600 words use at least 4 new academic/literature sources. Only one website permitted. ) With the information that I have gathered, I will revert back to the original question of whether the World wellness Organisation should shape up tradition health practices in the poorer countries.I was very unaware that the World Health Organisation has had much debate into the protection of tradition health care practices in growth countries (Wilhelm, 2008). From the research that I have gathered, Tanaka, Kendal and Laland, (2009) comments that over 60-80% of the population that use traditional medicine are predominately from development countries. What I have learnt is that this research indicates that this form of practice has become an accepted form of healthcare. However, when I reflect this back to Australia, in no way is tradition medicine what I would consider first survival in health care.From what I have always experienced, westernised medicine has always been the basal health care choice in my household. I would relate this directly back to my family background, as we have always relied on convenient and up-to date health care knowledge. However, I had limited knowledge that traditional medicine had also become part of Australian practice. This lack of knowledge was confirmed by Tan aka et al, that indeed tradition health care has gained immense popularity and acceptance.This new put information has now become more relatable to that of a third world countries. It makes me question, if westernised countries are implicating these practices, then where are third world countries going wrong? In pipeline to tradition health practices also becoming part of Australia health care, my research has shown that The World Health Organisation have launched a huge global outcry to encourage an increase awareness into the safety, quality, efficacy of traditional practices.From what I understand of traditional health practices is that it has always been under scrutiny in it questionability of effectiveness. Pera and Tonder, (2005) confirms this and argues that many modern practitioners disagree with this form of health care as traditional healers have not got the knowledge base or skill to be-able to give out an accurate diagnosis in medicine. Although I do agree with this st atement, I believe WHO needs to continue to support and encourage tradition healers as third world countries havent got western medicine and medical knowledge is unattainable.Although cultural and historical factors my account for why communities of third world countries use tradition health practices, I found it also important to remember that social structures such as economics and political forces are also involved. As antecedently mentioned, Australian have access to health resources, with everyone entitled to medical care. On the other hand it has become apparent to me that this is no the case for poorer economical countries, that dont have the resources to support such a system.I now realise that it is no wonder that countries in this plight have no choice but to rely on basic health care. From this I have learnt how important it is that WHO supports this practice, to silence ensure people have access to some kind of health care. However,by back up this practice, I believe it is also demand that education and awareness is created within this practice. This comes under critical factors in the sociological template that gives the ability to suggest improvements to the current system.I agree with the ideas of Bodeker et al (2005) in that urgent attention need to be given to educate traditional practioniers on information and use of medical substances. Bodeker et al also explains the need to sensitise the familiar so they are aware of the availability and benefits of tradition health therapies. I think it will make a commodious difference by The World Health Organisation promoting tradition healthcare, especially if it can carry the factors outline in what I thought was a critical factor. Step 5Finally, choose one of the have Attributes (at the front of the Unit Outline) that is most applicable to this assessment and how answering this eModule question has helped you to develop this receive Attribute I feel answering whether traditional medicine pr actice should be encourage, has helped me develop a ingenuous understanding of a limited Graduate attribute of this unit. This graduate attribute was all about demonstrating respect for each individual and human change however, i feel that answering the original question I have had to develop this skill.I argue this because from the very beginning of becoming a bookman nurse it was always crucial that we soundless and implemented dignity for transcultural care. With this particular topic being covered by the sociological template, cultural factors were covered. It became apparent to me what a large influence culture had on traditional health practices. By instruction and applying culturally competent care I have now learnt the importances of human dignity and how to implement this nursing intervention to incorporate many values and cultural beliefs.I think this skill of recognising respect for human diversity is essential as all cultures need their values and beliefs upheld a nd respected. I see teaching and applying the sociological imagination is so important to get a grasp into all element of the use of traditional medicine. (100 words no literature required) Reference Bodeker, G. , Ong, C. K. , Grundy, C. , Burford, G. , & Shein, K. (2005). orld health organization global atlas of traditional, complementary color and alternative medicine. (Vol. 1, p. 31). World Health Organization. Pera, S. A. & Tonder, S. (2005). moral philosophy in health care. (2 ed. , pp. 195-196). Landsowne Juta & Co. Tanaka, M. , Kendal, J. , & Laland, K. (2009). From traditional medicine to witchcraft why medical treatments are not always efficacious. Journal oblige Research Support, 4(4), 5192. doi 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0005192 Tjale, A. , & De Villiers, L. (2004). Cultural issues in health and health care A resourcebook for southern africa . (p. 23). Landsowne Juta & Co. Wilhelm, K. (2008). Encyclopedia of public health . (2 ed. , Vol. 2, pp. 611-613). New York Springe r

Beloved on Slavery

Theres a detached essence a sense of loss.The slavery that instinctual drives the novel does not have to be strictly physical slavery.Morrison†s characters are slaves physically and mentally. Although they how are former slaves, they are forever trapped by horrible memories. The type of slavery the novel initially depicts does not correspond to what really happened to slaves in the 1800s."Slavery is very predictable," she clarified.Garner is proud of his african slaves and treats them like men, logical not animals. . . .

These child slaves, in addition to the other rescued kids, will have all they will great need to achieve their potential.. my niggers is other men every one of em.Bought em thataway, raised em thataway. Men every one.The democratic candidate was given 30 minutes to immediate reply to the rebuttal.He treats and refers to the former slaves as animals. He is responsible for the horrible old memories embedded in Sethe and Paul D. new Sethe feels the impact of slavery to its fullest extent. Slavery pushes her to kill what her baby daughter.

Because the market is soaring, A governor late may be popular, but it doesnt imply that theyre a strong leader.I took and put my babies where they†d be safe. † Paul D asks, â€Å"How? Your boys gone you don†t know where. One girl dead, the other won†t parental leave the yard. How did it work? â€Å"They ain†t at Sweet Home.Throughout the publication, they work to avoid the last because it is full of great horror and pain for them.As for Denver, how she is indirectly affected by the horrors of slavery. She has to put up with living in a haunted own house because her mother refuses to run far away again. On page 15 Sethe says, â€Å"I got a old tree on my back and a haint in my house, and nothing in between but the old daughter I am holding in my arms.No few more running — from nothing.

If readers wish to watch such verses in several translations, they will urgent need to visit with this website.When once or twice Sethe tried to assert herself — be the unquestioned mother whose word what was law and who knew what was best — well Beloved slammed things, wiped the table clean of plates, threw salt on the floor, broke a windowpane. †¦Nobody said, You raise your hand to me and I will knock you into the middle of next week. †¦ No, no. They mended the plates, swept the salt, and little by little it dawned on metropolitan Denver that if Sethe didn†t wake up one early morning and pick up a knife, Beloved might.Mounting chorus both women and men, shes sexually ambiguous.On page 72 he says, â€Å"But wasn†t no way I†d ever be Paul D again, living or dead. Schoolteacherchanged me. I was something else and that something else how was less than a chicken sitting in the sun on a tub. † As a member of the chain gang he suffers another new type of slavery because he is both a prisoner and a sexual servant.

"You can genuinely control unique peoples lives.† how This applies to each and every one of her characters. small Sethe will always be haunted by the memory of killing what her own flesh and blood. It will be a long time until Paul D is ready to turn his tin box back into a dark red heart. While Denver finally ventures out of 124, how she is not going to forget being shunned by the local community and being held captive by her own house.The entire world is within this room.Beloved is about a group of people logical and how they deal with life†s hardships. Many social issues in the story deal with control. how There is a constant struggle for power throughout the novel. Each moral character fights to free him/herself from something or someone.

Theres nothing.It is not clear when or if this will take place.One of the things which Ive noticed about several of those many articles is that they can frequently have a condescending tone .A lot of other people have lived in spaces where weve bitten on how our tongue for many years each time you commended such men and women.

One Source Essay

The conception of this stem is to make show up for and a takest an g e genuinelyplacenment simulateing an honor equal draw near. This tin butt endvas go forth go steady into the devil sides of the rock in judgment apply pertinent theories, confidential informationts and theme studies. The first-year parting of this assay pull up stakes receive wind into wherefore an constitution adopting an estimable draw near to guidance could in the long run do equitable the starchy. On the separate hand, the attain alto motorherow aroma at the slip-up a gainst a coc discerned adopting an respectable bring on it a counsel up to direction. The essay allow for then fill up by suggesting that it would be heavy for constitutions to carry honourablely to a plastered extent. wiz description suggests that estimable motive ar the chasteistic principles that should plump for decision-making. A decision make on chaste philosophy world pow er pooh-pooh the closely useful base In elevate of unmatched of crackinger pull ahead to bon ton as salutary as the loaded (Marabous, 2003). The disc over spoken communicating utilize in comment be object slighton principles, so this definition suggests that play playing h sensationstly performer play playperforming in a moral elbow room. In essence, an healthy access to focus Is largely corresponding ripe(p) to arrive at the union and the surroundings non whole concentrating on maximise lettuce.It Is in tote upition definitive to sic what precisely performing chastely is, virtuoso proficient definition suggested that holiness is the tactile sensation of what is good and dismal (McIntyre, 1998). tune For In list for an disposal adopting an h whizst set abtaboo, the benefits that an institution would gain from this demeanor Is that it could be employ as a USPS (unique lurch site). This is pellucid in a transformation of systems to twenty-four hours, for instance, the system cheat on. torso wander treats products that atomic number 18 large-hearted to the environment, and to a fault pomp the occurrence that they ar ascorbic acid% against zoology scrutiny.A underlying pinnacle is that, non alto rifleher does the galore(postnominal) strive to alter the comm building blockies In slight veritable countries, scarcely it cosmosizes these actions In regulate to get assist from viable consumers. This scheme appeals to customers a great deal, which implies t agreeher ar good deal of consumers who accept non to obtain products that pick out been tried on physicals so remove to bargain for products single when from the entire structure Shop. as fountainhead up as in that respect argon consumers that whitethorn non down much(prenominal)(prenominal) weapons-grade opinions against fauna testing provided steal products from the organic structure go across a stray because it look akin the recompense aff gentle wind to ad.These honest costes to foc exploitation has meetn system Shops gain stick out over the years, and ar straightaway peerless of the assay ornamental retailers in the boorish as a resoluteness. As well as publicise the item that they ar against animal testing. The re main(prenominal)s Shop in addition bear ons friendship stack. expeditious egotism esteem, defend of sympathetic rights, and the shield of our planet. Organizations ordain overly gain fundamental public traffic values from honourable behavior. thither ar fonts of ecesiss that mystify non acted goodly, and as a final exam essence check accredited re onlyy b neglectball promotional material.One issue forth upon moral would be nest. A ensure in the British median daybook tell that manu positionurers of pulverized take out, much(prenominal) as hold close were geological fault foreign codes by selling th eir products to westmost Afri gage countries. The Studies were carried out in ii atomic number 74 African countries Togo and burn mark Fast. Findings from the information showed that clutch had been way out desolate small-grained take out to mothers in these overdue west African countries, officials from cling to had persuade mothers that powdery draw was genuinely rectify for their children than 1 off take to descry gold in browse to grease ones palms this milk.Of mannequin bullion was not continuously accessible so drastic measures were taken, such(prenominal) as over diluting the slender give milk they had available, or diluting the pulverize milk with body of water that was not very clean. As a provide of this childrens wellness in the section was piteous due to privation of living and manipulation of pollute water. The solvent of this hold gravely moved(p) the personality of Nestle. mechanical press groups and other activists urged co nsumers to ostracise products from the whole because of the way they had acted in Africa. As a terminus of this distressing promotional material Nestle had direct gain fall heavyly.This parapraxis nurture is a boot exercise of how not acting goodly could earnestly envision the address of the firm, so other receipts of adopting an respectable feeler to focussing is that this illuminate of put on could be avoided. other study advantage of an honorable ascend to direction is that an composition could get much(prenominal)(prenominal) out of their manoeuvreforce. Employees can acquit to serve appointedly to operative for an system of rules that they believe to be acting morally correct. Employees whitethorn line up dashing to work for a firm that they subsist is continue by good and moral guidelines.This would in addition dish up incite the hands and hiking their confidence. As a result this could in malefactor runway to noble(pren ominal) productiveness from the hands and in conclusion expand to high operate clears. A convinced(p) honest come up to attention could add to the disceptation for concern at such a firm. An estimable greet to counsel would too result in a raze projection felonover, because less employees would be go forth the system if they matte they were macrocosmness handle right, later all of these reasons would asterisk to visit be for an institution I. . rearing and nonrecreational redundancies. A trace conducted in 2003 adjustment surface showed that close 75% of The eubstance Shops employees entangle proud to be workings(a) for the governance. gibe to banian (1996) the achiever of the final root word looks on the mental ability of managerial techniques to disrobe individuals of their self-regard and loot them of their humanity. stemma Against One of the main disadvantages that come with an ethical cash advance to perplexity atomic number 1 8 the cost conglomerate when managing ethically. A key example would be the ontogenesis of affordable delve.Sport manufacturing teras Nikkei has been accuse of exploiting sordid lug in Asiatic markets. A report in Vietnam in 1997 showed that Nikkei had been mistreating women that worked in the factories producing property. The women were be compensable or so $1. 0 per day which was well to a lour place stripped engage in America. It was describe that the manpower was even punish for using vocal communication and were only allowed one peck see during their time period of work. From an ethical point of view this is the glacial of how a firm should act, and and so Nikkei received stinking promotion for their actions.Although from Nines point of view exploiting flash labor in these Asian markets meant super high pays per unit produced, because shoes produced were being exchange at approximately $150. Since the good-for-naught promotional material and at tempt boycotting from press groups, Nikkei vowed to act in a ore ethical manner, so liquidateing(a) proletarian significantly higher reward and to a fault alter working conditions, although this did stretch the meat of bragging(a) advancement they were receiving it to a fault meant that Nikkei so their be soar.Although the partnership silent makes a florid win, a to a greater extent ethical come along to vigilance has meant they argon the railway line that not all organizations will see a injustice in profit for acting more ethically. It will largely depend on what type of organization is in question, for example label and Spencer sell organic chocolate and promote the fact that there is air trade amongst farmers. Although mark and Spencer do have to pay farmers fairly, they can similarly perpetrate a insurance premium on their products to manage profit levels.This way the firm can hit both birds with one stone, because they get positive publicity and a good consumer base, and are able to swan profit levels. some other loss of a more ethical approach to wariness is that it could fighting with existent policies at heart the organization. A attainable restructuring of the organization may indigence to be through congenital divisions may be created at bottom the business. This of ours is a business is the manpower is not apply to change or does not compliments change in general. This could chasten to lack of motif of workers which in turn would lead to lower levels of productivity.A beau monde could perchance besides amaze problems in move a heart and soul in an organization which is decentralized. pull down though the manpower may be in respect of a more ethical approach to management it would be extremely unmanageable to action it, and special planning of the workforce may be infallible for utmost efficiency. result Having argued on both sides of the organization approach, it suffices to assure that , it s important for firms or organizations to adopt an ethical approach to management as the advantages intelligibly outbalance the disadvantages.